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Archive for March 17th, 2008

News - Fiji military coup is denounced

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, with Commonwealth nations saying suspension from the group is highly likely.


Military commander Frank Bainimarama has seized control of the country, marking the fourth coup in two decades.


Britain reacted by suspending military aid, and New Zealand called the development an “outrage”.


Commodore Bainimarama has dismissed PM Laisenia Qarase, who said the army had brought “shame to the country”.


Cmdr Bainimarama accused the prime minister of corruption and leading Fiji on a path of doom.


The two have long been in dispute, largely over the commodore’s opposition to a proposed amnesty for those canada dating free online services
for a 2000 coup he helped put down.


‘Tragic setback’


Fiji’s police force, elected officials and media joined international powers in condemning the coup.


I urge all citizens to remain calm, and maintain the peace that currently prevails
Cmdr Bainimarama
Profile of army chief
In pictures: Fiji coup
Press reflects unease

Don McKinnon, secretary general of the 53-nation Commonwealth grouping, said he “deplored” the coup, adding: “The likelihood of Fiji being suspended is very high.”


Foreign ministers from nations within the Commonwealth Secretariat will meet in London this week to make a decision.


Australia and New Zealand have called for economic sanctions, and Commonwealth officials said that matter would also be discussed.

FIJI TENSIONS TIMELINE
map
2000: Brief coup put down by army chief Bainimarama
July 2005: Bainimarama warns he will topple government if it pardons jailed coup plotters
May 2006: PM Laisenia Qarase wins re-election
31 Oct: Qarase tries - and fails - to replace Bainimarama
November: Qarase says he will change law offering clemency to coup plotters - Bainimarama warns of coup
5 Dec: Military declares coup
Fiji voices: Coup impact
Fears for future
History of coups


New Zealand’s Prime Minister, Helen Clark, said it was “an outrage what is happening in Fiji” and that Cmdr Bainimarama had “taken leave of his senses”.


Australian Prime Minister John Howard said the coup was a “tragic setback for democracy in Fiji”.


Mr Howard said he had turned down a request from Mr Qarase to send troops to prevent the coup.


“The possibility of Australian and Fijian troops firing on each other in the streets of Suva was not a prospect that I for a moment thought desirable,” Mr Howard said.


Cmdr Bainimarama named a doctor, Jona Senilagakali, as caretaker prime minister, and said that next week he would ask the Great Council of Chiefs to restore executive powers to President Ratu Josefa Iloilo.


The president would then appoint an interim government and elections would follow at an unspecified date, the military chief said.


But Mr Qarase said: “The government they want to set up will be totally illegal.


“What the military has done is raped our constitution.”


Ethnic tension


Cmdr Bainimarama said Fiji had reached a “crossroads” and that the government had been “unable to make decisions to save our people from destruction”.


He warned that more troops would be seen on the streets but said there was no curfew, and urged the population not to be intimidated. The capital is largely calm.


Bainimarama is a man with power and intelligence who is not joining hands with the corrupt but is going against them to help the people of Fiji
Trot, Suva
Send us your comments


Cmdr Bainimarama said the prime minister had created tension in the army by trying to have him removed.


Fiji’s police chief, Andrew Hughes, who is on leave in Australia, said he could “foresee a popular uprising”.


“Bainimarama doesn’t have the support of the government, of the president, of the police, of the churches, of the chiefs, of the people of Fiji,” he said.


Fiji’s largest daily newspaper, the Fiji Times, said it was suspending dating ethnic rather than accept censorship.


Fiji has a population of only 900,000 but is a major tourist destination and attracts up to 400,000 visitors a year.


It has also witnessed considerable political tension over the past 20 years between ethnic Fijians, who make up about 50% of the population and ethnic Indians at around 44%.


The BBC’s Phil Mercer in Suva says some Fijians believe the army is taking the right action and insist the government was corrupt and was discriminating against the Indian minority.


But critics of the move, he says, insist that what Cmdr Bainimarama wants is to establish a military dictatorship in the south Pacific.


Such an outcome would add to the concerns of Australia and New Zealand about political instability in the wider Pacific islands region.

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News - Country profile: United States of America

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e world’s foremost economic and military power. It is also a major source of entertainment: American TV, Hollywood films, jazz, blues, rock and rap music are primary ingredients in global popular culture.

Ethnic and racial diversity - the “melting pot” - is celebrated as a core element of the American ideology. The 1964 Civil Rights Act outlawed racial and other discrimination, but race continues to be a live issue with affirmative-action programmes - intended to remedy past discrimination - and housing segregation sparking debate.

OVERVIEW


OVERVIEW FACTS LEADERS MEDIA

The US originated in a revolution which separated it from the British Crown. The constitution, drafted in 1787, established a federal system with a division of powers even at the central level which, uniquely among modern nation-states, has remained unchanged in form since its inception.

Statue of Liberty, New York
Statue of Liberty: First glimpse of the US for many past migrants
11% of population is foreign-born
52% of immigrants come from Latin America
‘Melting pot’ America

The early settlers came predominantly from the British Isles. Slaves from Africa joined them involuntarily in a second wave. Millions of Europeans constituted a third stage of immigration.


Today, Asians from the Pacific rim and Hispanics from the Americas are seeking what their predecessors wanted - political freedom and prosperity. This shift is reflected in America’s interests abroad, which are now less European in focus than ever before.


American foreign policy has often mixed the idealism of its “mission” with elements of self-interest. The latter is exemplified in its international record on the environment, which has attracted criticism, and the need to maintain energy supplies, in which the US is not self-sufficient.


In September 2001 the US was shaken after three hijacked aircraft were deliberately crashed into the World Trade Center in New York and the Defence Department - the Pentagon - near Washington DC, killing thousands of people. A fourth hijacked aircraft crashed in Pennsylvania, killing all on board.

Raising of steel column marks start of construction of Freedom Tower, New York, Dec 06
The Freedom Tower will replace the World Trade Center
2006: Freedom Tower’s first column laid

The attacks had a momentous impact as the country continued to re-define its role as the world’s only superpower. In October 2001 the US led a military campaign in Afghanistan which unseated the Taleban regime. In March 2003 Washington initiated military action in Iraq which led to the toppling of the Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein.

Despite relative prosperity in recent years, the gap between rich and poor is a major challenge. More than 30 million Americans live below the official poverty line, with a dating free interracial online
percentage of these being African-Americans and Hispanics.

OVERVIEW FACTS LEADERS MEDIA


  • Full name: United States of America
  • Population: 300 million (US Census Bureau estimate, 2006)
  • Capital: Washington DC
  • Largest city: New York City
  • Area: 9.8 million sq km (3.8 million sq miles)
  • Major language: English
  • Major religion: Christianity
  • Life expectancy: 75 years (men), 80 years (women) (UN)
  • Monetary unit: 1 US dollar = 100 cents
  • Main exports: Computers and electrical machinery, vehicles, chemical products, food and live animals, military equipment and aircraft
  • GNI per capita: US $43,740 (World Bank, 2006)
  • Internet domain: .us
  • International dialling code: +1

LEADERS


OVERVIEW FACTS LEADERS MEDIA

President: George W Bush

George W Bush, a Republican, won a second term in the 2 November 2004 presidential elections. His main challenger in the bitterly-fought contest, the Democratic Party candidate John Kerry, admitted defeat after a tight race.

US President George W Bush (2005 picture)
President Bush has said his goal is to end tyranny in the world

National security and the war in Iraq took centre stage in the campaign, one of the most expensive ever staged.

Having previously favoured decreased US involvement in world hotspots, Mr Bush declared a “war on terror” following the 11 September 2001 attacks on New York and Washington. The US took the pre-eminent role in the ensuing military campaign against the Taleban regime in Afghanistan.

As a doctrine of pre-emptive intervention took shape, Mr Bush turned to Iraq, accusing Baghdad of harbouring weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The subsequent US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein.

But the search for WMD - a prime justification for the invasion - proved fruitless. Ongoing violence in Iraq and mounting casualties have also challenged Mr Bush’s standing on the issue.

At home, the president has signed tax cut bills and has overseen a strongly-performing economy. But large budget and trade deficits continue to cause concern. US public confidence in the president took a hammering in 2005 over perceived shortcomings in the government’s response to Hurricane Katrina.

Correspondents say the tide may have turned against Mr Bush in the US mid-term elections in November 2006 when the Democrats became the majority party in the Senate and House of Representatives. They say the Democrat gains reflect voter discontent with the war in Iraq and the Bush administration.

Mr Bush began his first term in office in January 2001 after a controversial and bitterly-fought contest against the incumbent vice-president, Al Gore of the Democrats.

US Capitol, Washington DC
Congress, government’s law-making branch, consists of:
The Senate - 100 members, two from each state, serving six-year terms
House of Representatives - 435 members, serving two-year terms
Glossary: US politics

The final result hinged on the extremely close count in the state of Florida. Recounts and legal challenges right up to the Supreme Court meant that Mr Gore conceded to Mr Bush only in mid-December, several weeks after the votes were cast.

Born in the New England state of Connecticut in 1946, Mr Bush is the son of former president George Bush. He worked in the energy business and helped to run a baseball franchise before being elected as governor of Texas in 1994.

Mr Bush turned to evangelical Christianity in his earlier years, and has said his faith helped him to overcome a drink problem. He has likened America’s international role, post 11 September, to a battle against forces of evil.

Mr Bush is an opponent of abortion and a supporter of the death penalty. He has described himself as a “compassionate conservative”.

George W Bush is married and has two daughters.

  • Vice president: Dick Cheney
  • Secretary of state: Condoleezza Rice
  • Secretary of defence: Robert Gates

  • Attorney-general: Alberto Gonzales
  • Homeland security secretary: Michael Chertoff
  • National security adviser: Stephen Hadley

    OVERVIEW FACTS LEADERS MEDIA

  • The US has the most highly-developed mass media in the world. American-made dramas, comedies, soap operas, animations, music videos and films have a global audience and are part of the staple fare of broadcasters worldwide.

    Television is America’s most popular medium. Three networks - ABC, CBS and NBC - dominated the scene for decades until the mass take-up of cable and satellite and the arrival of the Fox network. Mainstream American TV is slick, fast-moving and awash with advertising. Audience ratings and advertising revenues spell life or death for shows; networks may axe lame ducks after just one season.

    There are around 10,000 commercial radio stations in the US. In urban areas there are stations to satisfy almost every musical taste, language preference and world-view. News, sports and talk stations predominate on the mediumwave (AM) dial, with music on the FM band. Satellite-delivered subscription radio services offer hundreds of channels and have attracted millions of customers.

    Retired NBC news presenter Tom Brokaw, 2004
    Veteran presenters traditionally dominated network news
    2004: US news anchor Tom Brokaw retires
    2004: Dan Rather - America’s news anchor
    2005: Obituary - Peter Jennings

    Freedom of expression in the US is guaranteed by the constitution, and some stations give airtime to extreme hues of political - often right-wing - and religious thinking. Elsewhere, outspoken radio “shock jocks” push at the boundaries of taste.

    American public broadcasting is partly government-funded, but also supported by private grants. Many universities and colleges operate broadcasting outlets. National Public Radio - with more than 600 member stations - offers a more highbrow mix of news, debate and music without advertising. Public TV services operated by PBS have a mission to provide “quality” and educational programming.

    The government sponsors TV and radio stations aimed at audiences outside the US. Lately, radio services for audiences in the former Soviet bloc have been cut back, while stations targeting audiences in the Middle East and Asia have been launched.

    There are more than 1,500 daily newspapers in the US, most of them with a local or regional readership.

    The US is the home of the internet. By early 2007 nearly 70% of Americans were estimated to be online.

    The press

  • USA Today - national daily
  • Wall Street Journal - business daily
  • Christian Science Monitor - church-owned daily
  • Los Angeles Times - daily
  • Washington Post - daily
  • Boston Globe - daily
  • New York Post - daily
  • New York Times - daily
  • Philadelphia Inquirer - daily
  • Baltimore Sun - daily
  • Chicago Tribune - daily
  • Newsweek - news weekly
  • Time - news weekly

  • U.S.News & World Report - news weekly

    Television

  • ABC - major commercial network
  • CBS - major commercial network

  • NBC - major commercial network
  • Fox - major commercial network
  • CNN - pioneer of 24-hour rolling TV news, operates domestic and international streams

  • MTV - pioneer of music television
  • HBO (Home Box Office) - pay-TV network; originator of some of American TV’s most critically-acclaimed programmes
  • PBS (Public Broadcasting Service) - public TV, serves some 350 non-commercial member stations

    Radio

  • NPR (National Public Radio) - non-commercial network of member stations; news, information and cultural programmes

  • Clear Channel - America’s largest commercial radio operator, owns more than 1,200 stations
  • CBS Radio - major commercial operator with nearly 180 stations in major markets
  • ABC Radio Networks - operates flagship stations coast-to-coast


    External broadcasting

  • Voice of America - government-funded, programmes for global audiences in many languages
  • Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty - government-funded, targets eastern Europe, former Soviet Union and the Caucasus in local languages

  • Radio Free Asia - government funded, targets China, North Korea and southeast Asia
  • Al-Hurra - government-funded, satellite TV for Middle East
  • Radio Sawa - government-funded, Arabic-language radio for Middle East
  • Radio Farda - government-funded, Persian-language radio
  • Radio and TV Marti - government-funded services for Cuba

    News agencies

  • Associated Press
  • Bloomberg Business News
  • UPI

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